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The original intention of creating HFBD
HF not only increases medical costs, mortality, morbidity, and hospitalizations, but also decreases the health-related quality of life and functional status. Therefore, HF prevention and management has become an important global public health problem. The concept of a biomarker was first introduced in 1989 and standardized in 2001. A biomarker is a traceable substance in a normal biological process, organ function, particular disease state, or pharmacologic response to a therapeutic intervention To date, no HF biomarker database (HFBD) has been created. Notably, echocardiography, electrocardiography, blood tests, and chest radiography are all useful in determining the underlying cause of HF. Therefore, establishing an HFBD to integrate those data with available HF biomarker information may provide a practical and efficient research tool.

Data collection and statistics
We searched relevant articles in PubMed using the keywords and all the data and information collected in the HFBD were from these articles. The detailed data is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. The methods of articles search and the statistics of PubMed articles, records, and HF biomarkers. Tendency of research. As is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Tendency of researches in the HFBD. Number distribution of different HF biomarker biological categories in the HFBD. As is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3A-D. (A) HF biomarker distribution in the HFBD. (B) Distribution of different categories of single HF biomarkers in the HFBD. (C) Distribution of different categories of single molecular biomarkers in the HFBD. (D) Distribution of biomarkers (single + combined) in the HFBD based on their applications. Distribution of records in the HFBD based on the stages of HF. As is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 Distribution of records in the HFBD based on the stages of HF(based on the classification by New York Heart Association. PPI network for protein biomarkers in the HFBD. Detailed information is shown in Figure 5. Figure 5. PPI network for protein biomarkers in the HFBD. There are 209 nodes and 2945 edges in the PPI network. The nodes represent protein biomarkers in the HFBD, the lines represent the interactions of protein biomarkers. The size of nodes from small to large represents the degree value from low to high, and these nodes color changes from yellow to blue to indicate that the degree value changes from low to high.

Items in the database

PID or ID	Unique number ID of heart failure biomarker, PID represents part information of heart failure biomarker, ID represents all information of heart failure biomarker
Biomarker	Abbreviation for the name of heart failure biomarker
FullName	Full name of heart failure biomarker
Category	Biological category of heart failure biomarker(Molecule (RNA, Protein, Gene...), Physiology, Image)
Description	Description of heart failure biomarker
Disease_Kinds	The subtype of heart failure
Disease_Phase or Biomarker_Type	Biomarker application(diagnosis, prognosis, treatment)
NYHA	The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification(I, II, III, IV), providing a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure
Race	Race of participants in the experiment
Number	The number of participants in the experiment
Male	The number of male in the experiment
Female	The number of female in the experiment
Male/Female	The ratio of male to female in the experiment
Mean_Age	Mean age of participants in the experiment
Range_Age	Range age of participants in the experiment
Source	Sample in the experiment, including blood, plasma, urine...
Experiment	Experiment method
Statistics	Statistics results of research, including AUC, ROC, OR, HR, 95%CI, Sensitivity, Specificity, Negative predictive value(NPV), Positive predictive value(PPV) and P...
Conclusion	Research conclusion
Addition	Additional information
PMID	PubMed ID of research
First_Author	First Author
Region	Region where the biomarker research (first author) from, including continent, country, and city
Journal_Time	Journal name and published time of an original article in PubMed

Heart Failure Biomarker Database