No. Risk name Risk type Surgery type Sample size Definition Evaluation time Odds ratio P value
61Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery40POCD was defined as a＞20% decline in≥2 neuropsychological tests 1-3day0.24
62Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery40POCD was defined as a＞20% decline in≥2 neuropsychological tests 1-3day0.003
63Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery40POCD was defined as a＞20% decline in≥2 neuropsychological tests 1-3day0.017
114Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery422Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score was 1.96 or more.1week2.47(1.43-4.27)0.0012
195Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery1218Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were 1.96 or more.1week0.4(0.2-1.0)0.03
201Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery1218Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were 1.96 or more.3month1.7(1.0-2.8)0.04
279Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery69Z score＜1.963month6.43(1.49-34.66)0.01
320Anesthesia frequencyAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery46MMSE1week0.002
339Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsThoracic surgery215when the t-MoCA scoredecreased by＞1.96 points at 1 month postoperatively,the patient was considered to have delayed neurocognitive recovery.1month5.306(1.272-22.138)0.022
364Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery206If two or more deficits were found,then POCD could be confirmed.1week＞0.05
375Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsHead and neck surgery112POCD was diagnosed if two or more scale tests of Z score≥2 ora total Z score of≥2 existed in the same patient1week1.009(1.001-1.018)0.035
384Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery176POCD was defined as a MMSE deterioration of 1 Z score3-5day0.505(0.34-0.74)0
413Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)80MMSE＜241-3day0.039
423Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery123A patient was defined as having POCD when two or moreZ scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were -1.96 or less.1week6.045(1.728-21.151)0.005
461Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsSpinal surgery427POCD was defined as a drop of threeor more points on the MMSE 1 week post-surgery1week3.14(1.24-7.45)0.011
499Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsSpinal surgery61A decline in test performance scores by 20% in any of the tests1-3day2.12(1.2-4.33)0.019
510Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery976defined POCD as a combined Z score greater than 1.96 or a Z score greater than 1.96 in at least2of the 7subtests.3month 2.00(1.27-3.13)0.01
596Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery102All analyses were performed using Z scores based on the mean and SD of the preoperative cognitive scores5year＜0.001
639Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsHepatobiliary surgery150POCD was defined as a N20% decrease in performance in at least two tests compared to baseline.1-3day＜0.001
640Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery161Reliable Change Index(RCI)is the sum of the Z scores for the eight main variables POCD in an individual is defined as an RCI equal to or less than-1.96 on at least one test.1week0.02
668Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery90MMSE≤271week0.008
669Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery180defined as≥1 SD deterioration in two or more of 12 neurocognitive tests1week2.31(1.21-4.43)0.011
675Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery141Any patient having deficit in 2 or more neuropsychological tests was deemed to have POCD. We used this one SD criterion as described in previous studies1week0.297(0.117-0.749)0.01
679Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery340POCD was defined as a post-operative decrease inMMSE score by≥2 points1week2.436(1.235-7.475)0.028
680Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery340POCD was defined as a post-operative decrease inMMSE score by≥2 points1week2.436(1.235-7.475)0.028
686Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsHepatobiliary surgery80Z score was determined by the followingmethod: ([change score] individual-[mean change score])/(stan-dard deviation change scoretotal) 1week0.017
703Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsHead and neck surgery82POCD was diagnosed if postoperative scoredecreased by at least 20%1-3day0.028
704Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery160cognitive dysfunction defined by a decrease from pre- to postoperative≥2 of the Mini-Mental StateExamination (MMSE) score1-3day＜0.0001
705Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery160cognitive dysfunction defined by a decrease from pre- to postoperative≥2 of the Mini-Mental StateExamination (MMSE) score1week＜0.001
706Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery172cognitive dysfunction according to Z score＞1.96 intwo types of neuropsychological tests.discharge＜0.001
707Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)70Z scores≥11-3day0.034
722Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)262The converted scores on the 10 tests inthe battery were then summed,and any patient with a summed score ofless than-3 or less was defined ashaving had a long-term cognitive deficit.1week＞0.5
734Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery572If the postoperative score decreased bymore than 2 points compared with the preoperative score,it wasregarded as a decrease in postoperative cognitive function1-3day 0.70(0.08∼0.94) 0.044
735Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery572If the postoperative score decreased bymore than 2 points compared with the preoperative score,it wasregarded as a decrease in postoperative cognitive function1-3day 0.59(0.04∼0.87) 0.033
736Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsAbdominal surgery572If the postoperative score decreased bymore than 2 points compared with the preoperative score,it wasregarded as a decrease in postoperative cognitive function1-3day 0.75(0.13-0.90)0.023
760Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)959high for scores 9-10,moderate for 7-8and low for≤61-3day1.8(1.27-2.54)0.001
815Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)172a decrease of 2 points compared to the baselinelevel was considered as POCD.0.043
816Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsNon-cardiac surgery196Postoperative NCD was defined as a decline≥25%,rela-tive to the baseline score,in the scores of≥2 of the afore-mentioned cognitive tests at 3 months postoperatively.3month1.003(1.001-1.005)0.013
826Anesthetic agentsAnesthesia factorsElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)397MMSE decrease 21week＜0.05
830Anesthesia durationAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery88at least two ofthe eight tests showa decreasedscore＞1.96 SD of the whole group at baseline.6month1.043(1.010-1.076)0.01
845Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery80Delayed NCR is cognitive impairment, impact-ing memory, attention and concentration, which is tempo-rally associated with anesthesia and surgery.1week0.042
846Anesthesia protocolAnesthesia factorsCardiac Surgery80Delayed NCR is cognitive impairment, impact-ing memory, attention and concentration, which is tempo-rally associated with anesthesia and surgery.1week0.016


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