| No. | Risk name | Risk type | Surgery type | Sample size | Definition | Evaluation time | Odds ratio | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | General condition | General situation and mental state | Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery | 72 | decline of 1 SD on 2 NPtests or decline of 2 SD on 1 test. Raw scores were transformed to Z scores. | 2week | 0.006 | |
| 5 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery | 72 | decline of 1 SD on 2 NPtests or decline of 2 SD on 1 test. Raw scores were transformed to Z scores. | 2week | 0.05 | |
| 21 | General condition | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 383 | delayed neurocognitive recovery was diagnosed while patients fulfilled the criteria of mild or major NCD based on DSM-V within 30 days postprocedure. | 1month | 2.64(1.39-3.87) | 0.011 |
| 22 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 383 | delayed neurocognitive recovery was diagnosed while patients fulfilled the criteria of mild or major NCD based on DSM-V within 30 days postprocedure. | 1month | 0.44(0.25-0.97) | 0.024 |
| 25 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cochlear implantation | 26 | defined by a Z score of change in MoCA scores≥1.96 ( a decrease of≥4 points). | 1week | ＜0.001 | |
| 65 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 181 | POCD was defined as a decrease of 2 points or more in a patient’s Mini-Mental State Examination score | 2week | 1.353(1.114-1.644) | 0.002 |
| 92 | Preoperative pain | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 141 | Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was defined as ascore decrease of 1.96 SDs below baseline in two or moreneuropsychological tests or by a decrease of 1.96 SDs in thecombined Z score. | 1week | 6.527(1.583-26.908) | 0.009 |
| 98 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 56 | mean postsurgical performance scores were more than 2 SDs below,The magnitude ofthis difference would be sufficient to confer a diagnosis of impaired cognitive function | 2week | 0.01 | |
| 109 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 83 | TFDD＜35 | 1week | 0.002 | |
| 112 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Head and neck surgery | 102 | For statistical analysis,according to previous report,a decline of more than 10 % or 2 points in MMSE test was regarded as POCD. | 1-3day | 0.47 | 0.004 |
| 125 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 543 | The neuropsychological portion of the study design followed the consensus statements on the assessment of central nervous system disorders after cardiac surgery | 6month | 4.3(3.7-5.7) | 0.01 |
| 183 | General condition | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 178 | Patients with a decline of 1 or more SD were defined as having POCD | 3month | ＞0.05 | |
| 184 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 460 | “cognitive deficit” (the binary outcome) was defined as a decline of 1 standard deviation (SD) or more in performance on at least 1 of the 4 domains. | 6week | ＜0.001 | |
| 187 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 394 | POCD (the dichotomous outcome) was defined as a decline of one standard deviation or more in at least one of the four domains | 6week | 2.4291.30-4.49) | 0.005 |
| 216 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 261 | Decline in postoperative function was defined as a drop of 1 SD or more in the scores on tests of any one of four domains of cognitive function. (A reduction of 1 SD represents a decline in function of approximately 20 percent.) | 6week | ＜0.001 | |
| 232 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 42 | POCD has beendefined as a decline in individual patient's scores at discharge (short-term POCD) and at 18-month follow-up (long-term POCD)in at least one test of greater than 1 SD of the individual's baseline(preoperative) scores | 18month | 1.26(1.03-1.52) | 0.02 |
| 241 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 107 | POCD was calculated as a combined Z score.considered to show cognitive decline wheneither the combined Z score was less than-1.96 or at least two tests had a Z score ofless than -1.96. | 1week | 0.713(0.509-0.997) | 0.048 |
| 249 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.38 | ＜0.05 |
| 250 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.45 | ＜0.05 |
| 251 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.36 | ＜0.05 |
| 252 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.48 | ＜0.05 |
| 253 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.59 | ＜0.05 |
| 254 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.7 | ＜0.05 |
| 255 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 208 | patients scoring impaired defined as a Z score of≤1.50 | 3month | 0.49 | ＜0.05 |
| 257 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | 3month | ＜0.001 | ||
| 259 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | 3month | 0.018 | ||
| 260 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | pelvic surgery | 90 | the MiniMental State Examination changes≥3 points | 9.4(1.6-56.5) | 0.014 | |
| 288 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 411 | “cognitive deficit” outcome event was defined as a decline in performance of 1 sd or more in any of the independent domains. | 6week | 0.001 | |
| 303 | General condition | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 1390 | mild decrease 1-2SD,sever＞2SD | 1year | 1.96(1.42--2.69) | ＜0.001 |
| 304 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 1390 | mild decrease 1-2SD,sever＞2SD | 1year | 0.69(0.56--0.86) | 0.001 |
| 305 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 1390 | mild decrease 1-2SD,sever＞2SD | 1year | 1.19(1.14--1.24) | ＜0.001 |
| 316 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Thoracic surgery | 170 | MoCA＜26 | 1-3day | 2.573(1.092-6.060) | 0.031 |
| 326 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 89 | patients with index scores of 2 or greater were classified as showing some cognitiveimpairment | 3month | 0.001 | |
| 327 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 89 | patients with index scores of 2 or greater were classified as showing some cognitiveimpairment | 3month | 0.005 | |
| 361 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 167 | Patients with a decline of 1 or more SD weredefined as having cognitive decline. | 3month | 0.71 | |
| 385 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 35 | A decline was defined as a significantworsening of performance on at least one of the cognitive testsused for evaluation of the underlying cognitive domain and wasbased on the RCI. | 1year | 10.2(1.6-64.5) | 0.014 |
| 387 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | craniocerebral surgery | 35 | A decline was defined as a significantworsening of performance on at least one of the cognitive testsused for evaluation of the underlying cognitive domain and wasbased on the RCI. | 5year | 9.53(0.93-103.98) | 0.027 |
| 400 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 150 | any domain of the PQRS was considered to have POCD. | 1week | 1.295(1.012-13.184 | 0.048 |
| 404 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 287 | According tothe guidance of ISPOCD1 and ISPOCD2,a Z score for each test wascalculated. In this study,patients were defined as sufferingPOCD while Z scores 1.96 on at least 2 tests | 1week | 0.41(0.19-0.92) | 0.022 |
| 407 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 138 | Z score (at least two Z scores in individualtests or the composite Z score of all variables) at≥1.96,as described in the International Study of Post-Operative CognitiveDysfunction (ISPOCD) before | 1week | 1.315(1.054-1.640) | 0.015 |
| 409 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 138 | Z score (at least two Z scores in individualtests or the composite Z score of all variables) at≥1.96,as described in the International Study of Post-Operative CognitiveDysfunction (ISPOCD) before | 1week | 1.057(1.009-1.106) | 0.019 |
| 410 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 138 | Z score (at least two Z scores in individualtests or the composite Z score of all variables) at≥1.96,as described in the International Study of Post-Operative CognitiveDysfunction (ISPOCD) before | 1week | 1.227(1.016-1.483) | 0.034 |
| 459 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Spinal surgery | 427 | POCD was defined as a drop of threeor more points on the MMSE 1 week post-surgery | 1week | 2.11(1.08-4.22) | 0.03 |
| 460 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Spinal surgery | 427 | POCD was defined as a drop of threeor more points on the MMSE 1 week post-surgery | 1week | 2.49(1.22-4.96) | 0.01 |
| 463 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 120 | POCD was definedas a Z score of≤−1.96 on at least 2 different tests | 1week | 0.75(0.58-0.98) | 0.035 |
| 476 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 10149 | (AD8) abnormality (score＞2) and short-term memory impairment presented as 3-Word recall test(TRT) abnormality (score＜3) | 6month | 1.76(1.38-2.24) | ＜0.05 |
| 488 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 48 | the patients had to havealterations in one or more cognitive functions,demonstrated byperformance equal to or less than 1.5 standard deviations belowthe mean of the control subjects. | 1year | 0.056 | |
| 495 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 133 | Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was diagnosed as MMSE decrease or MoCA decrease value≤−2 | discharge | 6.033(1.234-29.502) | 0.026 |
| 497 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 133 | Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was diagnosed as MMSE decrease or MoCA decrease value≤−2 | discharge | 19.905(3.792-104.470) | ＜0.001 |
| 516 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 162 | a cognitive change score (CCS),This score was usually positive,reflecting learning effect; therefore,lower values of this score reflected more severe NCD. | 6week | 0.78 | ＜0.0001 |
| 519 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 100 | we chose to define a significant decline in cognitive function as a decrease in MMSE score of 4 or more | 1week | 0.011 | |
| 534 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 44 | has been defined as a decrease in cognitive performance respect to preoperative baseline levels and multiple cognitive domains could be affected(a score deterioration in the performance≥1.8 SD). | 2.6(1.5-5.5) | ＜0.001 | |
| 552 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Head and neck surgery | 102 | MMSE decrease＞2 | 1-3day | 0.47 | 0.004 |
| 582 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 219 | Postoperative decline was defined as a declinein scores of cognitive tests of 25% on 2 of 5 tests. | 3month | 6.4(2.1-19) | 0.001 |
| 611 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 998 | Neurocognitive disorders for the individual parameter was defined as more than 2 SD of meanbelow norms for that parameter. Neurocognitive disorders were defined as a significant worst condition in atleast 2 parameters out of all parameters. | 1week | ＜0.0001 | |
| 613 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 998 | Neurocognitive disorders for the individual parameter was defined as more than 2 SD of meanbelow norms for that parameter. Neurocognitive disorders were defined as a significant worst condition in atleast 2 parameters out of all parameters. | 3month | 0.005 | |
| 615 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 115 | Scores less than 20 on the HDS-R are an indicator of cognitive impairment,which is almost equivalent to a scores of 23 on the MMSE | 1week | 0.0329 | |
| 616 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 115 | Scores less than 20 on the HDS-R are an indicator of cognitive impairment,which is almost equivalent to a scores of 23 on the MMSE | 1week | 0.0444 | |
| 618 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 115 | Scores less than 20 on theHDS-R are an indicator of cognitive impairment,which isalmost equivalent to a scores of 23 on the MMSE | 2-3week | 0.78(0.61-0.99) | 0.0444 |
| 643 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 57 | The Z scores of the individual tasks weresummed to generate a composite standardised changescore. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was definedas a Z score＜ 2 in two or more individual tasks ora composite Z score of＜ 2. /Long-term POCD was defined as POCD at 15 months postoperatively | 3month | -0.397(-0.585--10.210) | ＜0.001 |
| 660 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 81 | Impairment can only be established in relative terms from differences in performance before and after surgery (either statistically different or arbitrary difference between pre- and post-scores such as 1 SD or 20% decline, | 1week | ＜0.001 | |
| 661 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 81 | Impairment can only be established in relative terms from differences in performance before and after surgery (either statistically different or arbitrary difference between pre- and post-scores such as 1 SD or 20% decline, | 6month | ＜0.001 | |
| 662 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 81 | Impairment can only be established in relative terms from differences in performance before and after surgery (either statistically different or arbitrary difference between pre- and post-scores such as 1 SD or 20% decline, | 1week | ＜0.001 | |
| 663 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 81 | Impairment can only be established in relative terms from differences in performance before and after surgery (either statistically different or arbitrary difference between pre- and post-scores such as 1 SD or 20% decline, | 6month | ＜0.001 | |
| 684 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Hepatobiliary surgery | 80 | Z score was determined by the followingmethod: ([change score] individual-[mean change score])/(stan-dard deviation change scoretotal) | 1week | 0.044 | |
| 728 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 300 | POCD requires a decline of 1.96 SD compared to controls on≥2 testsof a battery of 8-10 neuropsychological assessments. | 3month | 1.51(1.02-2.23) | 0.04 |
| 729 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 300 | POCD requires a decline of 1.96 SD compared to controls on≥2 testsof a battery of 8-10 neuropsychological assessments. | 1year | 2(1.26-3.17) | ＜0.01 |
| 761 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 959 | high for scores 9-10,moderate for 7-8and low for≤6 | 1-3day | 82.1(49.7-135.7) | ＜0.001 |
| 769 | Preoperative cognitive dysfunction | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 71 | POCD was defined as adecrease of 1 SD population means on at least two in the test battery. | 1week | 5.76(1.62-20.5) | ＜0.001 |
| 772 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Cardiac Surgery | 525 | cognitive deficit was defined as a decline of at least one standard deviation(SD) calculated from the baseline scores in at least one ofthe four cognitive domains | 6week | 0.0001 | |
| 780 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 105 | POCD was defined as a postoperative MOCAscore＜26severe POCD was definedas a MOCA score＜20 | 1-3day | 0.632(0.497-0.803) | ≤0.001 |
| 783 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 105 | POCD was defined as a postoperative MOCAscore＜26severe POCD was definedas a MOCA score＜20 | 1-3day | 0.396(0.281-0.559) | ≤0.001 |
| 817 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 196 | Postoperative NCD was defined as a decline≥25%,rela-tive to the baseline score,in the scores of≥2 of the afore-mentioned cognitive tests at 3 months postoperatively. | 3month | 8.9(2.8-27.9) | ＜0.001 |
| 825 | Preoperative cognitive assessment | General situation and mental state | Non-cardiac surgery | 236 | DNR was diagnosed when the Z score was greater than 1.96. | 1month | 0.88(0.8-0.97) | 0.014 |
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