No. Risk name Risk type Surgery type Sample size Definition Evaluation time Odds ratio P value
29Smoking Living conditionCardiac Surgery102MMSE＜241week1.26(1.18-1.32)0.001
77Residential habitsLiving conditionCardiac Surgery939defining cognitive impairment of one standard deviation,6month0.049
99AlcoholLiving conditionCardiac Surgery77Patients were defined as having cognitivedysfunction when their composite Z score was less than −1.96 (2 standard deviations)1week0.001
115AlcoholLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery422Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score was 1.96 or more.3month1.81(1.02-3.20)0.04
156SleepLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery105postoperative MMSE and/or MoCA score decreased by more than 1 standard deviation,it was considered to be in line with the first of the above diagnostic criteria1week3.330(1.063-10.431)0.039
166AlcoholLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery222POCD was diagnosed when the MMSE score was lower than 1 standard deviation (SD) compared with the baseline score.1-3day 2.398(1.174-4.900)0.016
172ExerciseLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery80the composite Z score＞1.96 or the sum of more than two Z scores＞1.96 in a single test)1week4.348(1.02-18.534)0.047
261SleepLiving conditionpelvic surgery90the MiniMental State Examination changes≥3 points5.1(1.1-22.4)0.032
264Smoking Living conditionCardiac Surgery127Z score≥1.961year0.006
295SleepLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery194Patients were considered to develop cognitive decline if their postoperative cognitive test scores at each time point decreased by＞1 standard deviation (SD) of all the included patients's baselines scores in at least two tests.1week11.8(1.17-119)0.036
296SleepLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery194Patients were considered to develop cognitive decline if their postoperative cognitive test scores at each time point decreased by＞1 standard deviation (SD) of all the included patients's baselines scores in at least two tests.1month15(1.5-150)0.021
349Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery382ISPOCD 1: A patientwas classified as displaying abnormal cognition if the Z score was 1.96.3-5day0.833(0.497-0.911) 0.006
350Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery382ISPOCD 1: A patientwas classified as displaying abnormal cognition if the Z score was 1.96.3-5day0.833(0.497-0.911)0.006
354Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery382ISPOCD 1: A patientwas classified as displaying abnormal cognition if the Z score was 1.96.1week0.684(0.583-0.952)0.002
356Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery382ISPOCD 1: A patientwas classified as displaying abnormal cognition if the Z score was 1.96.1week0.684(0.583-0.952)0.002
374SleepLiving conditionHead and neck surgery112POCD was diagnosed if two or more scale tests of Z score≥2 ora total Z score of≥2 existed in the same patient1week1.272(1.001-1.617)0.049
399Smoking Living conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery112If the Z score was≥1.96,the patient was classified as showing abnormalcognition1-3day1.785(1.334-1.860)0.043
415FoodLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery80POCD was diagnosed when the Z score was greater than1.96 or the combined Z score was≥1.96.1week5.236(1.998-13.721)0.001
421Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery123A patient was defined as having POCD when two or moreZ scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were -1.96 or less.1week5.835(1.598-21.304)0.008
432Smoking Living conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery104MMSE＜271-3day2.013(1.114-2.721)＜0.05
474SleepLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery10149(AD8) abnormality (score＞2) and short-term memory impairment presented as 3-Word recall test(TRT) abnormality (score＜3)1week4.04(2.20-7.40)＜0.05
491SleepLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery227early POCD was assessed at discharge and defined as at least one cognitive performance score (MMSE and the TICS-40 test)declined 2 points or more compared to the baseline score following previously used standards POCD at 1 month and 1 year were defined as a decline in 1 month and 1 year TICS-40 performance of two points or more compared to preoperative TICS-40 score,respectively.discharge2.82(1.09-7.29)0.033
492SleepLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery227early POCD was assessed at discharge and defined as at least one cognitive performance score (MMSE and the TICS-40 test)declined 2 points or more compared to the baseline score following previously used standards POCD at 1 month and 1 year were defined as a decline in 1 month and 1 year TICS-40 performance of two points or more compared to preoperative TICS-40 score,respectively.discharge3.09(1.28-7.47)0.012
493SleepLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery227early POCD was assessed at discharge and defined as at least one cognitive performance score (MMSE and the TICS-40 test) declined 2 points or more compared to the baseline score following previously used standardsPOCD at 1 month and 1 year were defined as a decline in 1-month and 1-year TICS-40 performance of two points or more compared to preoperative TICS-42 score,respectively1month3.94(1.26-12.36)0.019
494SleepLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery227early POCD was assessed at discharge and defined as at least one cognitive performance score (MMSE and the TICS-40 test) declined 2 points or more compared to the baseline score following previously used standardsPOCD at 1 month and 1 year were defined as a decline in 1-month and 1-year TICS-40 performance of two points or more compared to preoperative TICS-43 score,respectively1year7.77(2.33-25.89)0.001
511AlcoholLiving conditionNon-cardiac surgery976defined POCD as a combined Z score greater than 1.96 or a Z score greater than 1.96 in at least2of the 7subtests.0.61(0.41-0.91)0.04
530Smoking Living conditionCardiac Surgery44has been defined as a decrease in cognitive performance respect to preoperative baseline levels and multiple cognitive domains could be affected. (a score deterioration in the performance≥1.6 SD6month2.3(1.4-5.0)＜0.001
575Smoking Living conditionCardiac Surgery36Postoperative cognitive impairment was defined by a significant decrease.6month12(2.9-54)0.01
718Smoking Living conditionCardiac Surgery240Cognitive decline was defined asa decline of one standard deviation or more in performance on one or more of the neuropsychologic tests3month2.04(1.11-3.74) 0.022
754Smoking Living conditionNon-cardiac surgery1593a postoperative MMSE score＜27 points was considered cognitive dysfunction.3month1.99(1.13-3.51)0.017
763Residential habitsLiving conditionElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)959high for scores 9-10,moderate for 7-8and low for≤61-3day0.35(0.18-0.67)0.002
804ExerciseLiving conditionEsophageal and gastrointestinal surgery1086.51(1.54-32.51)0.01
856SleepLiving conditionElective joint arthroplasty (TJA)374Considering the impact of education level on MMSE assessment,combined with the actual situationin China and previous studies,the thresholds for those who were illiterate or attended at most primary school ormiddle school were≤17,≤20,and≤24,respectively. Individuals with a score below the threshold valuewere considered as cognitively impaired.Preoperation1.996(1.112-3.581)0.021


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