| No. | Risk name | Risk type | Surgery type | Sample size | Definition | Evaluation time | Odds ratio | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 1114 | Cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of≥2 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test at 1 year compared with the preoperative baseline | 1year | 1.98(1.22-3.20) | 0.0055 |
| 9 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 218 | a decrease in an individual's performance in more than two tests of at least 20% from baseline | 1week | 2.242(1.37-3.69) | 0.001 |
| 30 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | MMSE＜24 | 1week | 1.66(1.36-1.78) | 0.023 |
| 31 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | MMSE＜24 | 1week | 1.62(1.02-2.84) | 0.032 |
| 32 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | MMSE＜24 | 1week | 3.32(1.68-6.49) | ＜0.001 |
| 33 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | MMSE＜24 | 1week | 1.48(1.26-1.89) | ＜0.001 |
| 71 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 80 | cognitive decline if they had a negative change score from post to pre-operative testing | 1month | 3.214(1.148-8.996) | 0.026 |
| 73 | Respiratory diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 80 | cognitive decline if they had a negative change score from post to pre-operative testing | 6month | 7.118(1.392-36.391) | 0.018 |
| 74 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 939 | defining cognitive impairment of one standard deviation, | 6month | 0.016 | |
| 75 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 939 | defining cognitive impairment of one standard deviation, | 6month | 0.009 | |
| 76 | Peripheral vascular disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 939 | defining cognitive impairment of one standard deviation, | 6month | 0.007 | |
| 87 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 113 | Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction was defined as the composite end point of a one standard deviation decrement from baseline on two or more psychometric tests or a new neurologic deficit. | 4-6week | 8.52(1.41-51.44) | 0.02 |
| 94 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 56 | mean postsurgical performance scores were more than 2 SDs below,The magnitude ofthis difference would be sufficient to confer a diagnosis of impaired cognitive function | 2week | 0.05 | |
| 116 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 171 | 1-3day | 0.003 | ||
| 120 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 88 | The neuropsychological portion of the study design followed the consensus statements on the assessment of central nervous system disorders after cardiac surgery | 6month | 1.8(1.2-2.4) | ＜0.01 |
| 121 | Renal insufficiency | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 88 | The neuropsychological portion of the study design followed the consensus statements on the assessment of central nervous system disorders after cardiac surgery | 6month | 2.8(2.4-4.3) | ＜0.01 |
| 123 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 543 | The neuropsychological portion of the study design followed the consensus statements on the assessment of central nervous system disorders after cardiac surgery | 1week | 3.1(1.7-4.1) | 0.01 |
| 127 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 180 | The neuropsychologic portion of the study was designed in accordance with the consensus statements on the assessment of central nervous system disorders after cardiac surgery | 6month | 2.4(1.4-2.9) | 0.01 |
| 134 | Renal insufficiency | Preoperative comorbidities | Radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy | 40 | All the neuropsychological tests were compared through a statistical evaluation conducted with at least two groups. | NA | 0.005 | |
| 135 | Renal insufficiency | Preoperative comorbidities | Radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy | 40 | All the neuropsychological tests were compared through a statistical evaluation conducted with at least two groups. | NA | 0.012 | |
| 152 | Respiratory diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 201 | POCD was defined as the deterioration of 1 standard deviation in at least one of the postoperative tests compared with their corresponding baseline scores. | 1week | 5.8(1.554-21.645) | 0.009 |
| 158 | Digestive system disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Hepatobiliary surgery | 25 | A diagnosis of POCD was made when there were significant findings in two or more postoperative neurocognitive tests. | 1week | 0.003 | |
| 170 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 222 | POCD was diagnosed when the MMSE score was lower than 1 standard deviation (SD) compared with the baseline score. | 1week | 3.046(1.267-7.322) | 0.013 |
| 181 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 227 | ISPOCD A patient was defined as having POCD when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were 1.96 or more. | 3month | 3.024(1.040-8.791) | 0.042 |
| 188 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 394 | POCD (the dichotomous outcome) was defined as a decline of one standard deviation or more in at least one of the four domains | 1year | 2.34(1.22-4.51) | 0.01 |
| 193 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 186 | Neurocognitive dysfunction was defined as a two standard deviation decline in performance compared with a similarly aged control group of lumbar laminectomy patients. | 1month | 4.26(1.15. 15.79) | 0.03 |
| 198 | Respiratory diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 1218 | Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were 1.96 or more. | 1week | 0.6(0.4-0.9) | 0.002 |
| 199 | Infectious complication | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 1218 | Patients had cognitive dysfunction when two Z scores in individual tests or the combined Z score were 1.96 or more. | 1week | 2.7(1.1-6.5) | 0.03 |
| 214 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 316 | Cognitive dysfunction was defined as impaired performance within one or more of the four areas assessed. | 2month | 0.0242 | |
| 220 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 127 | Cognitive decline was defined as a decrease of one standard deviation or more in performance of at least two neurocognitive tests | 1week | 26.89(6.44-112.34) | ＜0.001 |
| 225 | Presence of comorbidities | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 64 | A decrease of 4 points or more between each test was defined as significant cognitive dysfunction development | 1-3day | 0.025 | |
| 226 | Presence of comorbidities | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 64 | A decrease of 4 points or more between each test was defined as significant cognitive dysfunction development | 1-3day | 0.008 | |
| 258 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | 3month | 0.002 | ||
| 268 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | craniocerebral surgery | 152 | POCD was defined as a postoperative MOCA score＜26 | 6month | 11.046(3.371-36.198) | ＜0.001 |
| 270 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | craniocerebral surgery | 152 | POCD was defined as a postoperative MOCA score＜26 | 6month | 8.768(2.115-36.345) | 0.003 |
| 274 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | craniocerebral surgery | 88 | we comparedpatients who exhibited deterioration of a score bymore than 2 standard deviation (SD) | 5-12day | ＜0.05 | |
| 302 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 1390 | mild decrease 1-2SD,sever＞2SD | 1year | 0.74(0.56--0.97) | 0.031 |
| 330 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 362 | A patient was diagnosed as POCD if Z scores of two or more tests were equal or greater than 1.96 | 3week | 1.46(1.06-2.74) | 0.037 |
| 331 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 362 | A patient was diagnosed as POCD if Z scores of two or more tests were equal or greater than 1.96 | 3week | 2.87(1.43-4.22) | ＜0.001 |
| 337 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Thoracic surgery | 215 | when the t-MoCA scoredecreased by＞1.96 points at 1 month postoperatively,the patient was considered to have delayed neurocognitive recovery. | 1month | 6.508(2.049-20.664) | 0.001 |
| 338 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Thoracic surgery | 215 | when the t-MoCA scoredecreased by＞1.96 points at 1 month postoperatively,the patient was considered to have delayed neurocognitive recovery. | 1month | 10.211(2.842-36.688) | ＜0.001 |
| 373 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Head and neck surgery | 112 | POCD was diagnosed if two or more scale tests of Z score≥2 ora total Z score of≥2 existed in the same patient | 1week | 4.153(1.355-12.732) | 0.013 |
| 394 | Hematological system diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | pelvic surgery | 61 | significantly different preoperativelyand postoperatively. | 3-5day | ＜0.05 | |
| 414 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 80 | POCD was diagnosed when the Z score was greater than1.96 or the combined Z score was≥1.96. | 1week | 8.391(2.208-31.882) | 0.012 |
| 419 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 71 | delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery was defined aspatient in whom scores decreased by more than or equal to one standard deviation from preoperative levels on one or two cognitive assessment scales. | 1week | 3.49(1.02-11.94) | 0.047 |
| 428 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 110 | present as a postoperative attentional network impairment ,A higherexecution effect score indicated more severe executiondysfunction | 1week | 0.011 | |
| 429 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 110 | present as a postoperative attentional network impairment ,A higherexecution effect score indicated more severe executiondysfunction | 1week | 0.026 | |
| 438 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 119 | Cognitivedecline was defined as negative change in RAVLT from post-op to pre-op tests | 1month | 0.021 | |
| 439 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 119 | Cognitivedecline was defined as negative change in RAVLT from post-op to pre-op tests | 6month | 0.026 | |
| 441 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 51 | Patients with MMSE＜24 were considered severely cognitive impaired. Scores of 24-28 indicated mild cognitive impairment and＞28 was considered relatively normal. | 1month | 0.026 | |
| 473 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 28 | POCD wasdefined as an individual decrease in more than two tests of at least 1 standard deviation from the group baseline mean forthat test. | 2week | 3.42(1.01-11.7) | 0.049 |
| 478 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 102 | POCD is longer persisting DNR (between 1 and 12 months postop-erative),postoperative cognitive decline was subdivided into mild (1to 2 standard deviations below controls) and major (≥2 standard deviations below controls) DNR or POCD. | 1month | 0.018 | |
| 485 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 46 | POCD criteria were met when an individual RCI score was less than −1.96. | 9month | 0.34(0.10-1.19) | 0.09 |
| 513 | Infectious complication | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 336 | Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a condition characterised by impairment of memory and concentration,detected by neuropsychological testing. | 3month | 2.61(1.02-6.68) | 0.045 |
| 520 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 100 | we chose to define a significant decline in cognitive function as a decrease in MMSE score of 4 or more | 1week | 0.011 | |
| 531 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 44 | has been defined as a decrease in cognitive performance respect to preoperative baseline levels and multiple cognitive domains could be affected. (a score deterioration in the performance≥1.7 SD | 1year | 1.7(1.1-3.2) | 0.022 |
| 532 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 44 | has been defined as a decrease in cognitive performance respect to preoperative baseline levels and multiple cognitive domains could be affected(a score deterioration in the performance≥1.8 SD). | 1.6(1.1-3.1) | 0.024 | |
| 533 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 44 | has been defined as a decrease in cognitive performance respect to preoperative baseline levels and multiple cognitive domains could be affected(a score deterioration in the performance≥1.8 SD). | 1.4(1.1-2.9) | 0.036 | |
| 543 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Carotid artery stenting(CAS)/carotid endarterectomy(CEA) | 75 | a total deficit score(TDS) was greater than 2 SD above the mean performance of the control laminectomy patients (TDS≥7). Z score =(change score - mean change scoreLL)/SD of change score | 1month | 51.42(1.94-1363) | 0.02 |
| 549 | Hematological system diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | Abdominal surgery | 177 | POCD was diagnosed when the MMSE score was declined 1 SD or more at 1 week after operation compared with the preoperative MMSE score or TICS-M score＜33 at 3 months after operation. | 3month | 0.393(0.165-0.932) | 0.034 |
| 550 | Metabolic syndrome | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 60 | defined POCD when two Z scores in individual tests or the average Z score were less than -1.96. | 1month | 0.03 | |
| 558 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 124 | we considered a 20% reduction incognitive function to be clinically important. | 1week | 2.0(1.7-2.8) | 0.01 |
| 561 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 124 | we considered a 20% reduction incognitive function to be clinically important. | 1week | 1.4(1.0-1.8) | 0.03 |
| 565 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 124 | we considered a 20% reduction incognitive function to be clinically important. | 6month | 2.3(1.6-2.9) | 0.01 |
| 570 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 127 | Cognitive decline was defi ned as a decrease of one standard deviation or more in performance on at least two neurocognitive tests. | 1week | 26.89(6.44-112.34) | 0.001 |
| 576 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 36 | Postoperative cognitive impairment was defined by a significant decrease. | 6month | 1.7(1.1-2.5) | 0.01 |
| 577 | Peripheral vascular disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 36 | Postoperative cognitive impairment was defined by a significant decrease. | 6month | 1.7(1.1-2.1) | 0.01 |
| 595 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 102 | All analyses were performed using Z scores based on the mean and SD of the preoperative cognitive scores | 5year | ＜0.001 | |
| 647 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 1034 | defined by a decline in performance on neuropsychological tests from presurgery to post-surgery assessment. | 1year | 1.84(1.14-2.97) | 0.01 |
| 650 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 164 | A global neurocognitive outcome was generated as a sum of the Z scores oneach individual cognitive domain. A difference in score between pre- and post-testing＞0.3 was considered a marker of cognitive decline. | 1month | 0.392 | |
| 693 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 71 | A patient with a drop of one category inany domain of the RBANS was considered to have POCD. | 3month | 0.05 | |
| 719 | Renal insufficiency | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 240 | Cognitive decline was defined asa decline of one standard deviation or more in performance on one or more of the neuropsychologic tests | 3month | 0.18(0.04-0.75) | 0.019 |
| 730 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Abdominal surgery | 572 | If the postoperative score decreased bymore than 2 points compared with the preoperative score,it wasregarded as a decrease in postoperative cognitive function | 1-3day | 3.12(1.02∼5.13) | 0.024 |
| 738 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 284 | Patients with a score of less than 26 were considered to have cognitive impairment. | 3week | 1.097(1.015-1.179) | 0.024 |
| 743 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 109 | signifi cant impairment was defi ned as a declinefrom preoperative testing of more than 1 SD on morethan 20% of test measures (at least 2 of 6) | 6month | 2.5 | 0.03 |
| 744 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 109 | signifi cant impairment was defi ned as a declinefrom preoperative testing of more than 1 SD on morethan 20% of test measures (at least 2 of 6) | 6month | 1.4 | 0.047 |
| 746 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 415 | The full score of the MMSE scaleis 30. The test process required about 5-10 min. The occurrence of POCD was determined based on an MMSEscore≤26 | 6month | 4.722(1.112-19.865) | 0.034 |
| 750 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 415 | The full score of the MMSE scaleis 30. The test process required about 5-10 min. The occurrence of POCD was determined based on an MMSEscore≤26 | 6month | 4.692(1.541-14.290) | 0.007 |
| 751 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 415 | The full score of the MMSE scaleis 30. The test process required about 5-10 min. The occurrence of POCD was determined based on an MMSEscore≤26 | 6month | 3.433(1.116-10.559) | 0.031 |
| 755 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 1593 | a postoperative MMSE score＜27 points was considered cognitive dysfunction. | 3month | 1.84(1.09-3.12) | 0.023 |
| 766 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 94 | POCD was defined as a decrease ofleast 20% from baseline in an individual’s performance inmore than 2 tests. | 1week | 3.62(1.16-11.92) | 0.033 |
| 767 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 94 | POCD was defined as a decrease ofleast 20% from baseline in an individual’s performance inmore than 2 tests. | 1week | 4.24(1.02-17.54) | 0.051 |
| 770 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 71 | POCD was defined as adecrease of 1 SD population means on at least two in the test battery. | 1week | 4.75(1.36-16.4) | 0.01 |
| 774 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 525 | cognitive deficit was defined as a decline of at least one standard deviation(SD) calculated from the baseline scores in at least one ofthe four cognitive domains | 6week | 0.0351 | |
| 777 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 113 | MMSE≤27 | 1week | 0.493(0.041-1.812) | 0.026 |
| 778 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 113 | MMSE≤27 | 1week | 0.325(0.084~0.917) | 0.014 |
| 779 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 113 | MMSE≤27 | 1week | 0.176(0.091-0.943) | 0.041 |
| 788 | Presence of comorbidities | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 4788 | Cognitive Decline was defined as a worsened functional or cognitive statefrom baseline to follow-up survey. Patients whose status remained the same or improved were considered to have no decline. | 7month | 1.08(1.00-1.17) | ＜0.05 |
| 799 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 265 | was diagnosed when any one of the symptoms occurs: (1)delirium; (2) language disorder; (3) persecuted delusion; (4)indifference; (5) memory disorder. | 3.776(1.377-10.356) | 0.0098 | |
| 801 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 265 | was diagnosed when any one of the symptoms occurs: (1)delirium; (2) language disorder; (3) persecuted delusion; (4)indifference; (5) memory disorder. | 5.164(1.855-14.371) | 0.0017 | |
| 806 | Presence of comorbidities | Preoperative comorbidities | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 108 | 7.4(2-34.89) | ＜0.01 | ||
| 807 | Hematological system diseases | Preoperative comorbidities | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 108 | 8.6(2.09-49.61) | ＜0.01 | ||
| 819 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 13899 | ICD-10 | 1year | 10.193(7.454-13.938) | ＜0.001 |
| 821 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 13899 | ICD-10 | 1year | 2.069(1.540-2.780) | ＜0.001 |
| 822 | Diabetes mellitus | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 13899 | ICD-10 | 1year | 1.407(1.018-1.945) | 0.039 |
| 823 | Metabolic syndrome | Preoperative comorbidities | Non-cardiac surgery | 13899 | ICD-10 | 1year | 1.399(1.058-1.850) | 0.019 |
| 827 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | craniocerebral surgery | 313 | we classified the decrease in MMSE≥3 or MoCA≥4 as a decline in cognitive function ,use indices (RCIs) | 3month | 17.78(1.668-18.564) | 0.017 |
| 829 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Cardiac Surgery | 88 | at least two ofthe eight tests showa decreasedscore＞1.96 SD of the whole group at baseline. | 6month | 7.044(1.317-37.687) | 0.023 |
| 838 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Esophageal and gastrointestinal surgery | 369 | POCD was diagnosed when the MMSE score decreased by more than 3 pointscompared with the baseline score | 1week | 3.403(1.356-8.537) | 0.009 |
| 849 | Preoperative cerebrovascular history | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 206 | MMSE＜23 or decreased 2score than M1d | 1-3day | 4.261(1.344-13.508) | 0.014 |
| 857 | Preoperative cardiac disease | Preoperative comorbidities | Elective joint arthroplasty (TJA) | 374 | Considering the impact of education level on MMSE assessment,combined with the actual situationin China and previous studies,the thresholds for those who were illiterate or attended at most primary school ormiddle school were≤17,≤20,and≤24,respectively. Individuals with a score below the threshold valuewere considered as cognitively impaired. | Preoperation | 2.367(1.169-4.794) | 0.017 |
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