CHDRFKB

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1V non-cyanosed, single ventricle circulation

2V-LV biventricular ciculation with a subaortic left ventricle

2V-RV biventricular circulation with a subaortic right ventricle

6-MWD 6-min walking distance

β-TG β-thromboglobulin

A

A-CHD acyanotic congenital heart disease

AA aortic atresia

AAA Aortic arch anomaly

AAD antiarrhythmic drug

AAH aortic arch hypoplasia

AAO Aortic arch obstruction

AAS atrial arrhythmias

ABPOTAA abnormal branching pattern of the aortic arch

ABSC Behavior Assessment System for Children

AC aortic coarctation

ACC cortic cross clamp

ACD Atriventricular canal defects

ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

ACHD adults with congenital heart disease

ACS Acute Coronary Syndrome

AD Aortic deformity

AD/AA meds antidepressant/antianxiety medications

ADC apparent diffusion coefficient

ADD antidepressant drug

ADHD attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder

ADM adrenomedullin

ADMA asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine

AEs adverse events

AF atrial fibrillation

AGV Anomalies of the great veins

AH Arch hypoplasia

AHD acyanotic heart disease

AI aortic insufficiency

AIS aortic isthmus stenosis

AIT amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis

AKI acute kidney injury

ALCAPA Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

ALV abnormal lung vessels

ALVS aorto left ventricular shunt

ALVT aortico-left ventricular tunnel

ANP atrial natriuretic peptide

AO aortic obstruction

AOR aortic regurgitation

AOS aortic stenosis

AOV aortic valve

AP aortic prolapse

AP window atriopulmonary window

APA Anomalies of the pulmonary artery

APS Aorto-pulmonary shunt

APSD Aortopulmonary septal defect

APV absent pulmonary valve syndrome

APVR anomalous pulmonary venous return

APVS absent pulmonary valve syndrome

APW aortic to pulmonary window

AR aortic regurgitation

ARA Aortic root aneurysm

ARB angiotensin receptor blocker

ARF acute renal failure

AS Aortic sclerosis

ASD atrial septal defect

ASD-PAPVR Sinus venosus ASD-PAPVR

ASF Atrial septal fenestration

ASO arterial switch operation

ATP anti-tachycardia pacing

AV aortic valve

AV block atrioventricular block

AV-B atrioventricular conduction block

AVA aortic valve anomaly

AVAS aortic valve atresia

AVC complete atrial ventricular canal defect type C

AVD atrioventricular valve dysplasia

AVI aortic valve insufficiency

AVR aortic valve replacement

AVS aortic valve stenosis

AVSD atrioventricular septal defect

AVT acute vasoreactivity test

AW aortopulmonary window

AcTc acceleration time corrected

AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor

aEEG amplitude-integrated electroencephalography

aPC activated protein C

asymm TAV asymmetric tricuspid aortic valve

B

BAI beck anxiety inventory

BAS balloon atrial septostomy

BAV bicuspid aortic valve

BAV-CoA bicuspid aortic valve with coarctation of the aorta

BAVC balanced atrioventricular canal

BGP Abnormal background pattern

BIC Bayesian Information Criterion

BL body length

BMI body mass index

BNP brain natriuretic peptide

BPAS branch pulmonary artery stenosis

BPD biparietal diameter

BRS baroreflex sensitivity

BS burst suppression

BSA body surface area

BSID Bayley Scales of Infant Development

BSVC bilateral superior vera cava

BT Blalok–Taussig

BTC Barriers to Care Questionnaire

BTT bridged to transplant

BVP biventricular physiology

BVP-AAO biventricular physiology with aortic arch obstruction

BW body weight

Bc bicuspide aorta

BiV biventricular lesion

BiV dd-PBF Biventricular ductal-depedent pulmonary blood flow

BiV dd-SBF Biventricular ductal-depedent systemic blood flow

bic AOV bicuspid aortic valve

C

C-CHD cyanotic congenital heart disease

CAA Coronary artery anomalies

CACA Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries

CAE coronary artery ectasia

CAF coronary arterial fistula

CAPBS cardiopulmonary bypass

CAS conus arteriosus syndrome

CASI Children’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index

CAT common arterial trunk

CAVC complete atrioventricular canal

CAVSD complete atrioventricular septal defect

CAVV Common Atrioventricular Valve

CBL volumns of cerebellum

CBPS congenital branch pulmonary stenosis

CC chest circumference

CCD congenital cardiac diseases

CCS Bayley-III Cognitive Composite Score

CCT cross clamp time

CD combined defect

CDI Communicative Development Inventory

CDIS Cardiac Denial of Impact Scale

CECs circulating endothelial cells

CHB complete heart block

CHD congenital heart disease

CHD-PVD CHD with pulmonary vascular disease

CHDFI Congenital Heart Disease Functional Index

CHD–PVD congenital heart disease-pulmonary vascular disease

CI cardical index

CIAS Childhood Illness Attitude Scales

CIAV Congenital insufficiency of aortic valve

CIMT Carotid intima-media thickness

CK-MB creatine kinase-MB

CKD chronic kidney disease

CL/CR Least-Concentration to the Systemic-Recirculation concentration Ratios

CLV continuous low voltage

CMV cleft mitral valves

CMVS congenital mitral valve stenosis

CP Cheatham-Platin

CPB cardiopulmonary bypass

CPET cardiopulmonary exercise testing

CPR cerebroplacental ratio

CRHD corrected congenital right heart disease

CRP C-reative protein

CS cardiac surgery

CS-AKI Cardiac surgery associated–acute kidney injury

CSD coronary sinus dilation

CSE cystathionine gamma-lyase

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

CTDs conotruncal defects

CTGF connective tissue growth factor

CTI cavotricuspid isthmus

CTR caridiothoracic ratio

CTnI cardiac troponin I

CV cardiovascular

CVI Cardiac valve incompetence

CVL central venous line

CVP cardiovascular profile

Cho choline

CoA coarctation of aorta

Cr creatinine

CysC Cystatin C

cNCR corrected negative chronotropic response

cPST corrected cardiac parasympathetic nervous tone

cSBP central systolic blood pressure

cTnT cardiac troponin T

cVSD conoventricular VSD

ccT Congenitally corrected transposition

ccTGA congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

D

D-MGA dextro-malposition of the great arteries

D-TGA dextro-transposition of the great arteries

DA decreased arborization of arteries

DAA double aortic arch

DB decreased background filling

DC disease complexity

DCCV direct current cardioversion

DCM dilated cardiomyopathy

DCRV Double-chambered right ventricle

DHCA deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

DI double inlet

DILV double inlet left ventricle

DIVM double-inlet ventricle malformation

DKS Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure

DM diabetes mellitus

DOA dilatation of aorta

DOLV double outlet left ventricle

DORV double outlet right ventricle

DOV double outlet ventricular

DPA Dilation of the pulmonary artery

DPAP diastolic pulmonary artery pressure

DTA Dilated thoracic aorta

DTI diffusion tensor imaging

DV-PIV the pulsatility index for veins of ductus venosus

dd-PBF Ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow

dd-SBF Ductal-dependent systemic blood flow

E

EA Ebstein's anomaly

EAT ectopic atrial beat

EATC ectopic atrial tachycardia

ECD Endocardial cushion defect

ECFE endocardial fibroelastosis

ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

ECT extracorporeal circulation time

EEG electroencephalography

EF ejection fraction

EFW estimated fetal weight

EIS Eisenmenger physiology or unrepaired cyanotic heart defect

EM Ebstein's malformation

EMBW estimated fetal body weight

ES Eisenmenger syndrome

ET exercise time

ET-1 endothelin-1

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate

eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase

F

FA femoral artery

FABP plasma intestinal fatty acid–binding protein

FC Fontan circulation

FEF 50 forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC

FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 second

FH family history

FIC fractional increase in creatinine

FIGN fidgetin

FIOL fetal intolerance of labor

FL lenth of fetal femur

FMBV fractional moving blood volume

FONT Fontan palliation

FPG fasting blood glucose level

FS fraction shortening

FSV functional single ventricle

FT flat tracing

FU follow up

FUVH functionally univentricular heart

FVC forced vital capacity

f QRS fragment QRS

G

GA gestional age

GDF-15 growth-differentiation factor 15

GDP Gross domestic product

GEC T score Global Executive Composite T score

GFR glomerular filtration rate

GIT gastrointestinal symptoms

GLMM General Linear Mixed Models

GM gray matter

GMI general memory index

GSE general self-efficacy

GSTM1 glutathione S-transferase mu1

GVT great vessel transposition

H

HA hypoplastic arch

HAA hypoplastic aortic arch

HADS-A higher levels of anxiety

HADS-D higher levels of depression

HAPI hospital-acquired pressure injury

HC head circumference

HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

HF heart failure

HFSS Heart Failure Survival Score

HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome

HLV hypoplastic left ventricle

HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1

HR heart rate

HRH hypoplastic right heart

HRHS hypoplastic right heart syndrome

HRV hypoplastic right ventricle

HTX heterotaxy

Hb Haemoglobin

Hcy Homocysteine

HrQoL health-related quality of life

hArg Homoarginine

hsTnT high-sensitive troponin T

hypo RV hypoplastic right ventricle

I

IAA Interrupted aortic arch

IART intra-atrial re-entrant tachycardia

IAVD Isolated aortic valve disease

ICD/ICDs implantable cardioverter defibrillators

IE infective endocarditis

IGT impaired glucose tolerance

IL interleukin

IL-10 plasma levels of interleukin-10

IL-6 plasma levels of interleukin-6

IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation

IPS infundibular pulmonary stenosis

IPS-A acquired type of infundibular pulmonary stenosis

IQR interquartile range

IS inotrope score

ITA interruption of the aorta

IUS-R Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-Revised

IVD interventricular dyssynchrony

IVS intact ventricular septum

InTc heart-rate-corrected inflection time

iNOS inductible nitric oxide synthase

iPAH idiopathic PAH

J

JA Junctional acceleration

JET junctional ectopic tachycardia

K

KIM 1 Kidney Injury Molecule 1

L

L-TGA levo-transposition of the great arteries

LAS QOL Linear Analog Scale Quality of Life

LC left coronary

LCHB late complete heart block

LCOS low cardiac output syndrome

LCS Bayley-III Language Composite Score

LDIR low-dose ionizing radiation

LHO left heart obstruction

LOS length of stay

LPA left pulmonary artery

LQT1 long-QT syndrome 1

LQT2 long-QT syndrome 2

LRAI Left and right atrial isomerism

LS-CHD left-sided congenital heart disease

LSL left side lesions

LSOD Left sided obstruction defects

LSOOL Left-sided outflow obstructive lesions

LST Land surface temperature

LSVC left superior vena cava

LT left thoracotomy

LTRS left-to-right shunting

LV left ventricle

LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure

LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction

LVET left ventricular ejection time

LVH left ventricular hypertrophy

LVID left ventricular internal dimensions

LVMPI left ventricular myocardial performance index

LVNC left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy

LVOT(HLHS) left ventricular outflow tract obstruction(hypoplastic left heart syndrome)

LVOTO left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

LVRAS left ventricular to right atrium shunt

M

M-ABC-2 Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second version 2

MA mitral atresia

MAD Mitral and aortic disease

MAF minor allele frequency

MAPCA major aorto pulmonary collateral artery

MAPCAS major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries

MAS mitral and aortic stenosis

MCA middle cerebral artery

MCA-PI middle cerebral artery pulsatility index

MCS mental component summary of the SF-36

MD Mitral disease

MDCT multidetectorrow computed tomography

MDI mental developmental index

MEE measured resting energy expenditure

MGA malposition of the great arteries

MGV malposed great vessels

MI mitral valve insufficiency

MID Mirror Image Dextrocardia

MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinases 2

MOT malformation of the outflow tract

MP mitral prolapse

MPA main pulmonary artery

MPAD main pulmonary artery diameter

MPI T/B myocardial perfusion imaging targer/background

MPV mean platelet volume

MR mitral regurgitation

MR pro-ADM mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin

MRMV moderate regurgitation of the mitral valve

MRSI magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging

MS mitral stenosis

MSOF multiple system organ failure

MV mechanical ventilation

MVA mitral valve abnormalities

MVD mitral valve dysplasia

MVP mitral valve prolapse

MVR mitral valve replacement

MVS mitral valve stenosis

Mvsat mixed venous oxygen saturation

mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure

mVSD malalignment ventricular septal defect

N

NAA N-acetylaspartate

NAVA neurally adjusted ventilatory assist

NCR negative chronotropic response

NDD neurodevelopmental disabilities

NE norepinephrine

NEC necrotizing enterocolitis

NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

NICU neonatal intensive care unit

NIRS near-infrared spectroscopy

NLRP3 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD)-like receptor protein 3

NO nitric oxide

NOAC novel oral anticoagulants

NRGV normally related great vessels

NT pro-BNP N-terminal–pro-brain natriuretic peptide

NYHA New York Heart Association

O

OA overriding aorta

OER Oxygen extraction rate

OL obstructive lesion

OPD ostium primum defects

OR operating room

Outlet membranous VSD Outlet membranous ventricular septal defect

P

P-LRBS permanent left-to-right blood shunt

PA pulmonary atresia

PA-IVS pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum

PAA pulmonary artery absent

PAB pulmonary artery trunk banding

PAC pulmonary artery conduit

PAD patent arterial duct

PADP pulmonary artery diastolic pressure

PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension

PAI-1 plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1

PAP pulmonary artery pressure

PAPVC partial anomaly of pulmonary venous connection

PAPVD partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

PAPVR partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

PAR pulmonary artery resistance

PAS pulmonary artery stenosis

PASD Primum atrial septal defect closure

PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure

PATD pulmonary artery trunk diameter

PATR pulmonary artery atresia

PATS pulmonary atresia

PAVC partial atrioventricular canal

PBF pulmonary perfusion

PCICU pediatric cardiac intensive care unit

PCQLI Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory

PCS physical component summary score

PD-ECGF/TP platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PD-ECGF/TP)

PDA patent ductus arteriosus

PDI psychomotor developmental index

PDW platelet distribution width

PEFR peak expiratory flow rate

PFO patent foramen ovale

PGI2 prostacyclin analogs

PH pulmonary hypertension

PHC perveived health competence

PI Pulmonary insufficiency

PICU pediatric intensive care unit

PIGF placental growth factor

PLSVC persistent left superior vena cava

PMT porosity of myocardial tissue

PMV prolonged mechanical ventilation

PO pulmonary obstruction

POD 1 postoperative day 1

PPAP peak pulmonary artery pressure

PPHT persistent pulmonary hypertension

PPS peripheral pulmonary stenosis

PR pulmonary regurgitation

PRA panel-reactive antibody

PRISM Pediatric Risk of Mortality I

PRUV persistent right umbilical vein

PS pulmonary stenosis/pulmonary artery stenosis

PSS Perceived Stress Scale

PST cardiac parasympathetic nervous tone

PT planum temporale

PTA Persistent truncus arteriosus

PTB preterm birth

PV pulmonary valve

PVA pulmonary venous anomaly

PVAVR Pulmonary ventricular AVR

PVCs premature ventricular contractions

PVD pulmonary valve disease

PVOD pulmonary vascular obstructive disease

PVOS Pulmonary ventricular outflow stenosis

PVR pulmonary vascular resistance

PVRi pulmonary vascular resistance index

PVS pulmonary valve stenosis

PWD P-wave Dispersion

Pm VSD perimembranous ventricular septal defect

p-AVSD partial atrioventricular septal defect

pNF-H phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit

Q

QOL quality of life

QTP Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

QTd QT dispersion

Qp pulmonary blood flow

Qp/Qs pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio

Qs systemic blood flow

R

R-L fusion of right coronary cusp and left coronary cusp

R-NC fusion of right coronary cusp and noncoronary cusp

RAA right aortic arch

RAAWMIB Right aortic arch with mirror image branching

RACHS-1 Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1

RAI Right atrial isomerism

RAP mean right atrial pressure

RAS restrictive atrial septum

RBC red blood cell

RDA repaired ductus arteriosus

RDACD right dominant atrioventricular canal defect

RDW Red cell distribution width

RF radiofrequency

RFCA radiofrequency catheter ablation

RI resistance index

RLBV aretroesophageal left brachiocephalic vein

RLD Restrictive lung disease

ROC receiver operating characteristic curves

RPA right pulmonary artery

RSL right side lesions

RSOOL Right-sided outflow obstructive lesions

RSV respiratory syncytial virus

RT right thoracotomy

RV right ventricular

RV-PA-Cd right ventricular to pulmonary valveless conduit

RVAD right ventricular assist device

RVD Right ventricular diverticulum

RVDP right ventricular diastolic pressure

RVDT right ventricle diameter

RVEF Right ventricular ejection fraction

RVESVi Right ventricular end systolic volume index

RVET right ventricular ejection time

RVH right ventricular hypoplasia

RVHP right ventricular hypertrophy

RVOTO right ventricular outflow tract obstruction

RVP mean right ventricular pressure

RVSD repaired VSD

RVSP Right ventricular systolic pressure

Rp pulmonary arterial resistance

Rp/Rs pulmonary-to-systemic resistance ratio

Rs systemic arterial resistance

rCHD repaired congenital heart disease

rDA right descending aorta

S

SA Single atrium

SAM subaortic membrane

SAS Subvalvular aortic stenosis

SASD Secundum atrial septal defect

SASV secundum atrial septal ventricle

SAVV Systemic Atrioventricular Valve

SAVVR systemic atrioventricular valve regurgitation

SBF systomic presusion

SBP systemic atery systolic blood pressure

SCAS Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale

SCD sudden cardiac death

SD septal defect

SDI systolic dyssynchrony index

SDMA septal defect with minor abnormalities

SEIQoL-DW schedule for the evaluation of individual quality of life-direct weighting

SES Socioeconomic status

SF-36 36 item short form health survey

SGA small for gestational age

SI situs inversus

SILV Single inlet left ventricle

SIMV-PRVC+PS pressure-regulated volume-controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support

SLV small left ventricle

SMVR severe mitral valve regurgitation

SMWTd six-minute walk test distance

SNAP-PE Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology–Perinatal Extension

SPAP systolic pulmonary artery pressure

SPF Systemic-pulmonary fistulas

SPS subvalvular pulmonary stenosis

SPVF subpulmonary ventricular function

SRV single right ventricle

SS subaortic stenosis

SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

STAI Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory

STAT category based on Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Mortality Score

STPVCA supracardic total pulmonary venous connection anomalous

STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons

SV single ventricular

SVA Sinus of valsalva aneurysm

SVAS supravalvular aortic stenosis

SVAVR Systemic ventricular AVR

SVCHD Single ventricle congenital heart defects

SVD Sinus venosus defect

SVES supraventricular extrasystole

SVF systemic ventricular function

SVHD Single ventricle heart defects

SVOS Systemic ventricular outflow stenosis

SVR systemic vascular resistance

SVS semilunar valves stenosis

SVSD single ventricular septal defect

SWC Sleep-wake cycle

SWLS higher satisfaction with life

SYPCA systemic-pulmonary collateral arteries

sST2 Soluble suppression of tumorogenicity 2

scTnI sensitive cardiac troponin I

T

TA Truncus arteriosus

TAA thoracic aortic aneurysm

TAAH transverse aortic arch hypoplasi

TAC Truncus arteriosus communis

TAPVC Total abnormal pulmonary venous connection

TAPVD Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage

TAPVR Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

TAS Truncus arteriosus

TBA Taussig-Bing anomaly

TBV total brain volume

TBX1 T‑box transcription factor 1

TC Transposition complexes

TCHB Transient complete heart block

TCPC total cavo-pulmonary connection

TDML thoracic duct mass ligation

TEE transesophageal echocardiogram

TGA transposition of the great arteries

TGV Transposition of Great Vessels

TI tricuspid infufficiency

TICV total intracranial volume

TIMP2 tissue inhibitor of metallo proteinases-2

TISS Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System

TIT transcatheter interventional therapy

TM Thrombomodulin

TNF-α plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha

TNT troponin-T

TOF tetralogy of Fallot

TPR total pulmonary resistence

TPRI total pulmonary resistence index

TPV time to peak velocity

TR tricuspid regurgitation

TRP total pulmonary resistance

TRPI total pulmonary resistance index

TRV the peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation

TS tricuspid senosis

TTE transthoracic echocardiogram

TV tricuspid valve

TVD tricuspid valve defect

TVR tricuspid valve replacement

Tpo offspring risk predictors

t-PA tissue-type plasminogen activator

U

U-AVSD unbalanced AVSD

UA umbilical artery

UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio

UAVC Unbalanced atrioventricular canal

UDSC Unspecified defects of septal closure

UH univentricular heart

UVA Univentricular anatomy

UVH univentricular heart

V

VAD ventricular assist device

VAS valvar aorta stenosis

VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

VES ventricular extrasystole

VF ventricular fibrillation

VI Ventricular inversion

VIS vasoactive inotropic score

VPS Valvular pulmonary stenosis

VSD ventricular septal defect

VT registered ventricular tachycardias treated with ablation therapy

VTA ventricular tachyarrhythmia

VTI Velocity time integral

VWF:Ag plasma von Willebrand factor antigen

vWF von Willebrand factor

W

W-PA w/pulmonary artery

W-PS w/pulmonary stenosis

WBC white blood cell

WHO FC WHO functional class

WM White matter

WPA wedge pulmonary arteriography

WPW Wolff-Parkinson-White

Y

YABCL Young adult behavior checklist

YASR Young adult self reported

Abbreviation Index

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